A Comparison between EFL Writing Errors in Computer-Based and Paper-Based Assignments

Advances in writing technologies have fostered the gradual move from Paper-Based (PB) to Computer-Based (CB) assessment foreign language (FL) education. The trend was further boosted by outburst of Covid-19 pandemic, which led drastic changes teaching and practices. In higher education (HE) contexts, English as a (EFL) is more often managed means online learning platforms, where students create submit written assignments on computer. This paper examines sample 100 EFL exam essays completed Italian university students. Half were computer-typed Moodle home during lockdown, whereas other half handwritten face-to-face session after emergency. study presented herein compares amount types formal errors CB PB respectively. results comparison may be useful suggest hypotheses impact that both modality environment can quality contexts.